Scientists
from TU Delft have demonstrated that flying a 10-square-meter kite
could generate 10 kilowatts of power, which could supply electricity
for about 10 homes.
High-flying kites
tethered to generators could supply as much as 100 megawatts of
electricity, enough to power 100,000 homes, according to researchers
from the Delft University of Technology in The Netherlands.
The scientists have recently demonstrated that
flying a single 10-square-meter kite could produce 10 kilowatts of
power, which could supply electricity for about 10 homes.
In their next experiment, the
researchers plan to test a 50-kilowatt version, called Laddermill.
Eventually, their goal is to build a multi-kite system that could
generate a full 100 megawatts.
As project leader and professor of sustainable engineering Wubbo
Ockels explains, kites generate power by pulling on their strings that
are attached to generators on the ground. After reaching their maximum
height, the kites are reeled back down to repeat the process.
Electricity produced by kites in the wind could be inexpensive,
too. The researchers predict prices to be comparable with generating
electricity using coal power, and half that of using wind turbines.
One advantage of kites is their potential height. Commercial
windmills generally reach heights of around 80 meters, where the
average wind speed is about 5 meters per second. At higher altitudes,
such as 800 meters, the average wind speed is about 7 meters per
second. Because the amount of power available from the wind is related
to the cube of its speed, blades at higher altitudes could generate up
to five times the amount of electricity as at lower altitudes.
High-altitude wind is also generally more reliable than ground-level
wind.
While building an 800-meter-tall windmill would be impractical, a
kite can easily reach that height, and take advantage of the higher
wind speeds. The Dutch scientists note that a high-speed jet stream
makes countries such as the UK, The Netherlands, Ireland, and Denmark
especially good locations for kites.
Using computer models, researchers can determine how to configure
kites so that they get the most out of the wind. Ockels´ system used
figure-eight flying patterns developed by Allister Furey of the
University of Sussex, an arrangement that increases the speed of the
air flowing over the kites. He´s also investigating a yo-yo
configuration, where one kites goes up as another falls from the sky
like a glider.
"Pretty much anywhere in the UK you could run a kite plant
economically, but you couldn´t run a wind turbine economically," said
Furey.
Several other scientists are investigating the use of kites to
harness energy from the wind - which some researchers estimate provides
more than 100 times the amount required to power the entire planet. In
2007, Google´s philanthropic arm invested about $10 million in a US
kite company called Makani. An Italian company called Kitegen has a
multi-kite scheme that could generate a gigawatt of power, as much as a
standard coal plant.
